Manuscript Preparation
- The intending author/s should organize the paper following these major headings: Title, Author/s, Affiliation/University/Country, Corresponding Email Address, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results (Findings for Qualitative) and Discussion, Conclusions (Implications of the Study for Qualitative) and Recommendations, References, Appendices if needed.
- The References should substantially consist of articles published in current content-covered or peer-reviewed journals. Avoid citations of unpublished reports and theses.
- Type the entire manuscript single-spaced on a short white bond paper (8.5 x 11”) with 0.8” margin on the left and right side, 0.9 from the top and 0.6 at the bottom” using a Times New Roman font style and 11 font size. References, appendices, plates, and legends should also be typed single-spaced. Number consecutively all pages.
- Leave one space before and after the major headings as well as one space before and after the sub-headings.
- Spell out acronyms or unfamiliar abbreviations when these are mentioned for the first time in the text.
- Write the scientific names of species completely with author/s when it is first mentioned in the text and without an author/s in succeeding references. Scientific names should be written in italics.
- Do not spell out numbers unless they are used to start a sentence.
- Use the metric system only or the International System of Units. Use abbreviations of units only beside numerals (e.g. 9 m); otherwise, spell out the unit (e.g. kilometer from here). Do not use plural forms or periods for abbreviations of units. Use the bar for compound units (e.g. 1 kg.ha/yr). Place a zero before the decimal in numbers less than one (e.g. 0.25).
- Titles of Tables and Captions of Figures should be as short as possible and understandable without referring to the text. Figures should consist only of simple line drawings, computer-generated graphics, or good quality black and white photographs. Label of Figures and plates should be written below the image and should be as such a size so these are still legible even after reducing the size by as much as 50%.
- Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list. Arrange the reference section alphabetically. Use the current APA style 7th Edition format.
- The manuscript should be as concise as the subject and research method permit, generally about 5000 and 6500 words for research articles and 3500 to 4000 words for action research, review, and notes paper.
- To promote anonymous review, authors should not identify themselves directly or indirectly in their papers or in experimental test instruments included in their papers or experimental test instruments included in the submission. Single authors should not use the editorial “we”.
Titles
The title should be concise and informative. Titles are often used in information‐retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. The title is not more than 12 words and is written with a 14-point size and centered.
Author/s
The Given name, Middle initial, and Family name should be provided. Below the author/s profile is the Affiliation/University/Country. Then email address should follow.
Abstract
An abstract of about 250-300 words should be presented immediately preceding the text. The abstract should concisely inform the reader of the manuscript’s topic, objective/s, methods, findings, conclusion, and recommendation.
Keywords
The abstract must be followed by at least 3 and a maximum of 5 keywords to assist in indexing the paper and identifying qualified reviewers.
Introduction
The text of the paper should start with a section labeled “Introduction”, which provides more details about the paper’s rationale, motivation, significance, scope and limitations, and the setting of the study. Both the Abstract and Introduction should be relatively nontechnical yet clear enough for an informed reader to understand the manuscript’s contribution.
Methods
The method section describes the participants the materials or instruments including a discussion of their validity and reliability and the procedures employed in the study such as treatment/s and data analysis.
Results (Findings for Qualitative) and Discussion.
Results should be clear and concise. Discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions (Implications of the Study for Qualitative)
It should briefly answer the objectives of the study. They are no repetitions of the discussions but are judgments of the results obtained
Recommendations
Provide suggestions based on the findings as well as the limitations of the study.
References
Every manuscript must include a Reference section that contains only those works cited within the text. Each entry should contain all information necessary or unambiguous identification of the published work. The style format is based on the current American Psychological Association (APA) style 7th Edition format with a hanging indention of 0.2. The reference list must be arranged alphabetically and a majority of which should come from printed and online journals.
Pagination
All pages, including tables, appendices, and references should be serially numbered.
Tables
Titles of tables are written above while the title of figures and plates are written below the images.
Numbers
Spell out numbers from one to ten, except when used in tables and lists, and when used with mathematical, statistical, scientific, or technical units and quantities, such as distances, weights and measures, percentage and decimal fractions (in nontechnical copy, use the word percent in the text).