Narrative Review

Good governance practices of barangays in one LGU in Negros Occidental
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A B S T R A C T

This study aimed to determine governance practices of selected barangays in Sagay City and test its hypothesis. The study was anchored in the Behavioral Theory of Leadership and Contingency Theory of Leadership. A descriptive-quantitative research design was applied, and a modified research instrument that underwent validation with a 0.79 content validity index and Cronbach alpha of 0.967 was used. Therefore, most participants are residents, followed by appointed personnel and elected officials. The results also showed that there is a high level and significant difference (p < 0.05) in the level of good governance practices in the selected barangays in Sagay City in terms of Transparency, Responsiveness, and accountability when they are grouped according to their category. Thus, the selected barangays in Sagay City perform good governance practices wherein the officials rule their constituents in a good political manner, execute fairness in decision-making for the progression of their people, and observe the current situation in their barangays for them to implement good governance. The researchers recommended that elected officials maintain their good governance practices in terms of transparency, responsiveness, and accountability and future research about good governance practices-related variables.

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Artificial intelligence in Philippine education: A narrative review of applications, perceptions, and challenges
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A B S T R A C T

This narrative review analyzes the current status of artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in Philippine educational settings through a comprehensive synthesis of scholarly literature from 2018 to 2025. This study aims to identify current AI applications across different educational levels, analyze stakeholder perceptions and readiness, and determine implementation challenges in Philippine educational settings. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, EBSCO Host, and ScienceDirect databases using search terms combining “Artificial Intelligence,” “Philippines,” and “Education”. Following the selection criteria, 43 published studies underwent examination through Braun and Clarke’s thematic analytical approach. Results indicate significant implementation disparities, with higher education institutions—particularly private universities in urban centers— demonstrating substantially more advanced AI integration than K-12 schools. Three major themes emerged: (1) current AI applications spanning teaching tools, student support systems, administrative functions, and research tools; (2) mixed stakeholder perceptions with students showing more positive attitudes than faculty; and (3) significant implementation challenges including infrastructure limitations and technical expertise gaps as major barriers. Key challenges include the urban-rural digital divide, insufficient professional development opportunities, ethical concerns around academic integrity, and the absence of comprehensive institutional policies. The study concludes that realizing AI’s potential in Philippine education requires coordinated efforts to enhance technological infrastructure, develop educator capacity, establish appropriate policies, and ensure equitable access. The study recommends developing national AI education policy frameworks, investing in rural digital infrastructure, and implementing systematic professional training initiatives targeting technical skills and educational AI implementation.

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