Author: admin_irjstem

Volume 5 | No. 2 | June 2025 Issue

admin_irjstem Issue

June 2025

V5N2Cover_sample

Revolutionizing waste management system through the development of an i-smart trash bin solid waste sorter
Khrysstine B. Fuertes1, Jovelyn G. Macalso1, Jeanelyn R. Tominez1, Dale Mark N. Bristol1, Daniel Gracias V. Esquejo2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bambang Nueva, Philippines
2Department of Computer Engineering, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bambang Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Full Paper PDF Abstract 1-11

Viewing secondary school students’ behaviour through the lens of teachers’ characteristics and classroom environment in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Esther O. Durowoju1, Chibueze Richard Alli2
1Faculty of Education, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria
2Soyanwo Crescent, Aare Estate, Bodija, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Full Paper PDF Abstract 12-24

Artificial intelligence in Philippine education: A narrative review of applications, perceptions, and challenges
Stephen Jay Co
Far Eastern University, Philippines
Full Paper PDF Abstract 25-38

Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education of TVL-Information Communication Technology (ICT) Senior High School Learners
Roy O. Anabo 
Head Teacher I, Dolores National High School, Eastern Samar Division, Dolores,
Eastern Samar, Philippines, 6817
Full Paper PDF Abstract 39-50

English language proficiency of students in relation to reading comprehension
Lalaine Grace P. Moralidad1, Cendrick Ein M. Barcelona2, Yentyl Joy B. Castro3, Jerremar T. Solis4, Melissa M. Navia5, Cindy C. Villaseñor6  
1Research Associate I/Research and Creative Works Office/La Carlota City College, Philippines
2Instructor/College of Education/La Carlota City College, Philippines
3,4Research Journal Staff/Research and Creative Works Office/La Carlota City College, Philippines
5Instructor/College of Education/La Carlota City College, Philippines
6Instructor/College of Liberal Arts/La Carlota City College, Philippines
Full Paper PDF Abstract 51-61

Development of portable electrostatic nozzle for sugarcane pesticide application
Klim D. Espeleta1, Benedict Irl S. Acero2 , Shana Alejandra A. Deroy3, Kharyl T. Geraga4, Jay C. Loraez5, Julia Raven S. Mandate6, Seryen B. Nabalitan7, Shermae S. Panilan8, Aisha Nicole C. Tabuada9, Jonathan A. Maligaya10, Joseph O. Golingay.11, Mark Winston D. Gabutero12 
1-12Technological University of the Philippines – Visayas, Talisay City, Philippines
Full Paper PDF Abstract 62-74

Students’ satisfaction with healthcare services in federal universities in Southwestern Nigeria
Ayotunde Samuel Akinwale1, Comfort A. Okotoni2, S. ‘Tayo Subair3
1-3Department of Educational Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Full Paper PDF Abstract 75-85

Knowledge, interest, and engagement of Science education undergraduates in climate change and mitigation actions in Imo State, Nigeria
Ezere Chimmuanya1, Onyeagbako Stella Okwuchi2
1Imo State University Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
2Wigwe University Isiokpor, Rivers State, Nigeria
Full Paper PDF Abstract 86-98

Good governance practices of barangays in one LGU in Negros Occidental
Princess Jeah Marie S. Geroso1, Jenny B. Hernan2, Jolina Mae D. Jimenez3, Marjon S. Amaro4
1State University of Northern Negros, Philippines
Full Paper PDF Abstract 99-107

Enhancing employee engagement: Strategies for boosting job satisfaction
Haekal Muhammad Tsaqif1, Nor’ Ain Bt. Abdullah2
1Management and Science University, Malaysia
2 Faculty of Business Management and Professional Studies, Management and Science University, Malaysia
Full Paper PDF Abstract 108-120

EcoMask: Development of a biodegradable respirator using Sugarcane Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) cellulose coated with shrimp shell chitosan and Bamboo (Bambusoideae) nonwoven fabric
Ezekiel Uriel G. Naganag1, Trixie Krisha G. Berame2, Arabella G. Bonus3,
Christine Anne Marie D. Eral4, Jad M. Alameddine5, Sharmaine Hope V. Rosario6
1-6University of the Cordilleras, Baguio City, Philippines
Full Paper PDF Abstract 121-134

EcoMask: Development of a biodegradable respirator using Sugarcane Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) cellulose coated with shrimp shell chitosan and Bamboo (Bambusoideae) nonwoven fabric

admin_irjstem Abstract , , , ,

EcoMask: Development of a biodegradable respirator using Sugarcane Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) cellulose coated with shrimp shell chitosan and Bamboo (Bambusoideae) nonwoven fabric
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Disposable face mask usage has caused a significant environmental crisis, with an estimated 129 billion masks discarded globally each month. Conventional masks, mainly made from polymers like polypropylene and polyethylene, take over 50 years to decompose, rising levels of pollution in both terrestrial and marine habitats. This study presents the development of EcoMask, a biodegradable respirator composed of sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) cellulose coated with shrimp shell-derived chitosan, and reinforced with nonwoven bamboo (Bambusoideae) fabric. Biodegradability tests using ISO 14855-2:2018 standards revealed that the EcoMask decomposes within 3–6 months under aerobic composting conditions, significantly faster than conventional plastic masks. Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) testing following ASTM-F2299 protocols indicated a moderate efficiency of 36 41%, suitable for non-medical environments. While the mask shows limited filtration performance compared to medical-grade respirators, it excels in environmental sustainability, offering a promising step toward reducing the environmental impact of plastic masks.

Full Paper PDF

Enhancing employee engagement: Strategies for boosting job satisfaction

admin_irjstem Abstract , , , ,

Enhancing employee engagement: Strategies for boosting job satisfaction
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This research aims to analyze the impact of employee engagement on job satisfaction. In an era of globalization and fierce competition, companies must effectively manage their human resources to compete, survive, and thrive. Job satisfaction plays a crucial role in achieving organizational goals through employees. When individuals are satisfied with their work, they strive to perform to the best of their abilities, leading to better job performance and increased organizational success. Job satisfaction is subjective and challenging to measure, as it varies among individuals based on their unique desires and expectations. Therefore, understanding the factors that contribute to job satisfaction is of utmost importance. Employee engagement is one such factor that can significantly influence job satisfaction. Engaged Employees actively contribute to the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and ideals because they are dedicated to them. This journal investigates the relation between employee engagement and job satisfaction, aiming to provide valuable insights into enhancing job satisfaction. The research employed a quantitative approach and collected data using closed-ended questionnaires with a Likert scale (1-5). The sample consisted of 48 employees from Private Company in Malaysia. selected through saturation sampling. Data analysis was conducted using simple regression analysis in SPSS v26. The findings indicate a strong positive relationship between employee engagement and job satisfaction. These results support previous research that emphasizes the importance of employee engagement in promoting job satisfaction. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of employee engagement in influencing job satisfaction. Companies should prioritize strategies to enhance employee engagement to ultimately improve job satisfaction, leading to better organizational performance and employee well-being. Future research should delve deeper into the mechanisms and factors that drive employee engagement and explore additional variables that may affect job satisfaction. Understanding these dynamics can help organizations create a more engaged and satisfied workforce, contributing to their long-term success.

Full Paper PDF

Good governance practices of barangays in one LGU in Negros Occidental

admin_irjstem Abstract , , ,

Good governance practices of barangays in one LGU in Negros Occidental
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This study aimed to determine governance practices of selected barangays in Sagay City and test its hypothesis. The study was anchored in the Behavioral Theory of Leadership and Contingency Theory of Leadership. A descriptive-quantitative research design was applied, and a modified research instrument that underwent validation with a 0.79 content validity index and Cronbach alpha of 0.967 was used. Therefore, most participants are residents, followed by appointed personnel and elected officials. The results also showed that there is a high level and significant difference (p < 0.05) in the level of good governance practices in the selected barangays in Sagay City in terms of Transparency, Responsiveness, and accountability when they are grouped according to their category. Thus, the selected barangays in Sagay City perform good governance practices wherein the officials rule their constituents in a good political manner, execute fairness in decision-making for the progression of their people, and observe the current situation in their barangays for them to implement good governance. The researchers recommended that elected officials maintain their good governance practices in terms of transparency, responsiveness, and accountability and future research about good governance practices-related variables.

Full Paper PDF

Knowledge, interest, and engagement of Science education undergraduates in climate change and mitigation actions in Imo State, Nigeria

admin_irjstem Abstract , , , ,

Knowledge, interest, and engagement of Science education undergraduates in climate change and mitigation actions in Imo State, Nigeria
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This study examined the knowledge, interest, and engagement of Science Education Undergraduates in Climate Change and Mitigation actions in Imo State, Nigeria. The relationships existing among knowledge, interest and climate engagement was specifically studied. This study adopted a descriptive survey and a correlation design. Using a researcher-made 3-sectioned instrument, the researchers collected data from the respondents. To answer the research questions, frequencies, percentages, pie charts, mean scores, and standard deviations were used while the hypothesis was tested with Pearson r statistics at a 0.01 significance level. From the major findings, it is seen that 54% of the sampled students demonstrated high knowledge of climate change while 22% and 24% demonstrated moderate and low knowledge of climate change respectively, high climate interest levels exist among the respondents (mean =3.27), majority of the students participate in personal actions which help to mitigate climate change effects such as changing their lifestyle (84.90%), considering environmental impacts in choice of goods (93.00%), water conservation (91.80%), planting of trees and flowers (79.70%) and waste recycling (70.90%), there is low involvement of the undergraduates in online and offline climate change and climate change mitigation awareness (19%), 67% of the respondents engage in climate change mitigation actions to a high extent, 22% of the participating undergraduates have moderate engagement levels in climate change mitigation actions while 11% of the respondents have low engagement levels in climate change mitigation actions, high and significant relationships exist between climate change knowledge and climate interest among the undergraduates (r= 0.750, p<.05); significant relationship also exists between interest in climate change/mitigation actions and engagement in climate change actions (r=0.323, p<.05) while the relationship between knowledge of climate and engagement in climate change mitigation activities is low and non-significant (r=0.117, p>.05). The findings imply that the use of digital tools to create climate change awareness should be greatly emphasized by lecturers, as this will promote undergraduates’ interest and digital participation in climate actions and universities should incorporate climate change topics into various courses, making environmental knowledge a fundamental part of students’ academic experience.

Full Paper PDF

Students’ satisfaction with healthcare services in federal universities in Southwestern Nigeria

admin_irjstem Abstract , , ,

Students’ satisfaction with healthcare services in federal universities in Southwestern Nigeria
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This study assessed the availability of healthcare services in Southwestern Nigeria’s federal universities. Similarly, it examined students’ satisfaction with healthcare services in the study area. Furthermore, the study determined the relationship between healthcare services and students’ satisfaction. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study’s population was 193,526 students while the sample was 1,144 students drawn from three universities in the study area. ‘Students’ Satisfaction with Healthcare Services Questionnaire (SSHFQ) was used in gathering data for the study. The analysis of gathered data was done using percentages, weighted average and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results indicated that healthcare services in the institutions of study were fairly or moderately available (2.6). Furthermore, the study indicated that students were fairly satisfied 576(52%) with healthcare services. It was also found that availability of healthcare services has significant relationship (r=0.72< 0.05) with students’ satisfaction. It was concluded that healthcare services in the study area were inadequate and students’ satisfaction was influenced by the level of availability of healthcare services. It was recommended that university management and government should build more wards, procure more beds, modern healthcare technological gadgets, as well as organise professional training for medical personnel on the need to treat patients professionally and with due respect.

Full Paper PDF

Development of portable electrostatic nozzle for sugarcane pesticide application

admin_irjstem Abstract , , ,

Development of portable electrostatic nozzle for sugarcane pesticide application
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Agriculture remains a critical sector in the Philippine economy, with sugarcane ranking fifth among the most cultivated crops. However, pest infestations significantly reduce crop yield and quality. Conventional pesticide application methods are labor-intensive, inefficient, and contribute to health and environmental risks due to excessive spraying. This study aims to design, development and evaluate the portable electrostatic nozzle designed to improve pesticide application efficiency in sugarcane farming. The prototype incorporates a high-voltage arc generator using a 5-stage Walton-Cockcroft voltage multiplier, producing 14.09 kV to electrostatically charge pesticide droplets from a conventional sprayer. Utilizing ImageJ software for data gathering, an independent t-test was employed to compare its performance with traditional sprayers. Results demonstrated a significant increase in droplet deposition, with “back” leaf surface coverage improving from 1.048% to 21.421%, and “front” coverage increasing by 13%. Overall spray efficiency improved from a range of 18.344% – 20.374% in the control group compared to 34.444% – 34.661% in the experimental group, resulting an average of 20% greater coverage of pesticide using the electrostatic nozzle. It consumed 11.397 watts of power and operated for 1.5 hours per charge using a 3.9Ah Li-ion battery. The electrostatic nozzle consistently outperformed the conventional sprayer. Further research should focus on optimizing the electric field distribution, incorporating protective battery circuitry, and conducting field validation under practical agricultural conditions. These findings support the potential of electrostatic spraying technology as a sustainable solution for improving pesticide application in crop production.

Full Paper PDF

English language proficiency of students in relation to reading comprehension

admin_irjstem Abstract , , , , ,

English language proficiency of students in relation to reading comprehension
Corresponding email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This research sought to assess students’ proficiency in the English language and examine how it correlates with their ability to comprehend written texts. To assess the English language proficiency of 86 junior Liberal Arts students, the study utilized a researcher-developed survey questionnaire comprising ten items for each of the four core skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The questionnaire’s validity was affirmed with a mean score of 4.27. Additionally, a reliability test using Cronbach’s Alpha yielded a high-reliability index of 0.94, ensuring the consistency of the measurements. The second part of the questionnaire, adapted from Vibal (2017), assessed students’ reading comprehension levels with 25 items. The mean was used to measure these levels, while the relationship between the two variables was analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that junior Liberal Arts students exhibited high levels of English language proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, with means of 3.70, 3.72, 3.72, and 3.61, respectively, and an overall mean of 3.69. However, their reading comprehension level was moderate, with a mean of 13.91, suggesting a disparity between their proficiency and comprehension skills. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between students’ English language proficiency and their reading comprehension levels. This suggests that enhancing English language proficiency could improve reading comprehension skills, underlining the importance of integrated language learning approaches and targeted interventions to address areas of weakness.

Full Paper PDF

Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education of TVL-Information Communication Technology (ICT) Senior High School Learners

admin_irjstem Abstract , , , ,

Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education of TVL-Information Communication Technology (ICT) Senior High School Learners
Email: [email protected] 

A B S T R A C T

Emerging high technologies in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are providing new trends, approaches, and enriching learning experiences. The importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing in various aspects of life, especially in the technological era. This study aimed to identify the experiences perceived by different AI tools in a classroom setting based on the usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education to TVL-ICT senior high school learners. The researcher employed a qualitative research method, utilizing a narrative inquiry approach through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. A total of ten (10) learner respondents were purposively selected. Data revealed that the usefulness of AI education is a significant factor in analyzing data, identifying patterns, and improving the academic performance of TVL-ICT learners. Utilizing AI tools in school promotes teaching innovation and ready access to materials. However, there are advantages and disadvantages to the usefulness of AI education to learners, incorporating proper training and discipline. An increase in assessment efficiency, time-saving searching for relevant and updated information, and open access to everyone. In contrast, learners experience a high risk of accessing private personal information, potential bias in gathering information, and a lack of trust in using AI tools. Lastly, AI education revealed a five-cycle learning process in education for ICT learners. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education led to a significant improvement in school resources and technological advancement. Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in education have been developed to motivate, innovate, and adapt technological development. The usefulness of AI tools cannot replace humans in instructional strategies, but resistance to change may be replaced by technology in the future.

Full Paper PDF

Artificial intelligence in Philippine education: A narrative review of applications, perceptions, and challenges

admin_irjstem Abstract , , ,

Artificial intelligence in Philippine education: A narrative review of applications, perceptions, and challenges
Email: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This narrative review analyzes the current status of artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in Philippine educational settings through a comprehensive synthesis of scholarly literature from 2018 to 2025. This study aims to identify current AI applications across different educational levels, analyze stakeholder perceptions and readiness, and determine implementation challenges in Philippine educational settings. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, EBSCO Host, and ScienceDirect databases using search terms combining “Artificial Intelligence,” “Philippines,” and “Education”. Following the selection criteria, 43 published studies underwent examination through Braun and Clarke’s thematic analytical approach. Results indicate significant implementation disparities, with higher education institutions—particularly private universities in urban centers— demonstrating substantially more advanced AI integration than K-12 schools. Three major themes emerged: (1) current AI applications spanning teaching tools, student support systems, administrative functions, and research tools; (2) mixed stakeholder perceptions with students showing more positive attitudes than faculty; and (3) significant implementation challenges including infrastructure limitations and technical expertise gaps as major barriers. Key challenges include the urban-rural digital divide, insufficient professional development opportunities, ethical concerns around academic integrity, and the absence of comprehensive institutional policies. The study concludes that realizing AI’s potential in Philippine education requires coordinated efforts to enhance technological infrastructure, develop educator capacity, establish appropriate policies, and ensure equitable access. The study recommends developing national AI education policy frameworks, investing in rural digital infrastructure, and implementing systematic professional training initiatives targeting technical skills and educational AI implementation.

Full Paper PDF